Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

The infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) was investigated in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea). All fishes collected in 5 lakes were examined with the artificial digestion method. More than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Centrocestus armatus, Metorchis orientalis, M. taiwanensis, Clinostomum complanatum, Echinostoma spp., Stictodora spp., Diplostomum sp. and Diplostomid No. 1. by Morita (1960), of DTM were detected in fishes from 5 coastal lakes in Gangwon-do. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 52 (41.3%) out of 126 sea rundace, Tribolodon hakonensis, from 5 lakes, and their density was 14.6 per fish infected. P. summa metacercariae were detected in 48 (84.2%) out of 57 mullets from 5 lakes, and their density was 316 per fish infected. C. armatus metacercariae were detected in 7 (14.6%) T. hakonensis and 3 (15.0%) Tridentiger brevispinis from Hyang-ho, and 5 (19.2%) Acanthogobius flavimanus from Gyeongpo-ho. Stictodora spp. metacercariae were found in 4 fish species, i.e., Tridentiger obscurus, Tridentiger trigonocephalus, Chelon haematocheilus, and Acanthogobius lactipes, from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 15 C. complanatum metacercariae were detected in 2 (9.1%) crucian carp, Carassius auratus, from Songji-ho. M. taiwanensis metacercariae were found in T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho and Gyeongpo-ho and in Pseudorasbora parva from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 11 M. orientalis metacercariae were detected in 3 (6.3%) T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho. From the above results, it was confirmed that various species of DTM are infected in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, Korea.

Planktonic production and respiration in a subtropical lake dominated by Cyanobacteria / Produção e respiração planctônicas em uma lagoa subtropical dominada por cianobactérias

Planktonic primary production and respiration rates were estimated in a subtropical coastal lake dominated by Cyanobacteria in order to investigate the temporal and vertical variation in this lake and to evaluate its relationships with limnological variables and phytoplankton. Light and dark bottles were incubated at four different depths in the central part of the lake and were performed bimonthly from June/2009 to December/2010. No significant difference was evident among depths in relation to phytoplankton, limnological variables and metabolic rates. However, the highest production rates were recorded at the surface, and decreased towards the bottom, coupled with phytoplanktonic photosynthetic capacity. Wind induced mixing in Peri Lake played an important role in nutrient and phytoplankton redistribution, characterizing this lake as polymictic. According to density and biovolume, the phytoplankton community was dominated by filamentous Cyanobacteria, especially Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya and Subba-Raju. This study has shown that both water temperature and nutrient availability drive phytoplankton growth and consequently the temporal variation in metabolic rates, where respiration is higher than primary production.

As taxas de produção primária e respiração planctônicas foram estimadas em um lago costeiro subtropical dominado por cianobactérias, com o objetivo de investigar a variação temporal e vertical nesta lagoa e avaliar suas relações com as variáveis limnológicas e os grupos fitoplanctônicos. Garrafas claras e escuras foram incubadas em quatro diferentes profundidades na parte central da lagoa e foram realizadas bimensalmente de junho/2009 a dezembro/2010. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre as profundidades amostradas, em relação ao fitoplâncton, variáveis limnológicas e taxas metabólicas. No entanto, as maiores taxas de produção foram registradas na superfície, diminuindo com o aumento da profundidade, juntamente com a capacidade fotossintética do fitoplâncton. A ação do vento na lagoa do Peri promoveu a homogeneidade de nutrientes e do fitoplâncton na coluna d’água, caracterizando-o como polimítico. De acordo com a densidade e biovolume, a comunidade fitoplanctônica foi dominada por cianobactérias filamentosas, especialmente Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya and Subba-Raju. Este estudo demonstrou que a temperatura da água combinada com a disponibilidade de nutrientes influencia a comunidade fitoplanctônica, determinando a variação temporal das taxas metabólicas, onde a respiração é maior que a produção primária.